Currency
A currency in the most specific sense is money in any form when in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money (monetary units) in common use, especially for people in a nation. Under this definition, U.S. dollars (US$), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and pounds sterling (£) are examples of currencies. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this …
WikipediaPublications
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
prospective emigrants must repay to the state in hard currency the total cost of their education. How should … wish to emigrate will now have to repay in hard currency the cost of their education. The exact provisions … effect of the decree is to impose a severe hard currency tax on emigration. HM Embassy! at Bucharest have … 'brain drain' rather than/as® aG source1 eft hard currency; and ..that he attaches more importance to this … abroad must repay I to the Romanian State in hard currency, the cost of their education, I training, and …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 French
A file of correspondence and reports concerning the economic situation in Yugoslavia. The documents cover a meeting of American, British, French, West German, and Italian representatives in Paris to discuss …
UNDERSTANDINGS WITH THE COMMERCIAL BANKS. D . ALL HARD CURRENCY CREDITORS WOULD BE INVITED TO C O N T R I B U … G S WITH THE COMMERCIAL BANKS. D . ALL HARD CURRENCY CREDITORS W O U L D BE INVITED TO CONTRIBUTE …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 Czech
A file of documents concerning the restitution of Czechoslovak gold and the settlement of British claims against Czechoslovakia. Subjects discussed in the file include an agreement for the repatriation of …
Fascist Germany 14.5 tons of gold "to cover the currency I in circulation" in the occupied borderlands …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 French
A file of correspondence and reports concerning inner-German relations. The documents cover statements on foreign policy issued by the governments of East Germany and West Germany; a speech by the …
reflects the GDR's current desperate need for hard currency but can be taken as an initial high bid. The … of tht _^i"ferences of currency - the GDR Mark is a purely internal currency and not convertible - all …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
A file containing analysis of a report on the Soviet balance of payments in convertible foreign currency. …
Holloway - . f - ^ J/267/1 USSR: CONVERTIBLE CURRENCY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROSPECTS 1. This is a very … the potential cost to the USSR of convertible currency loans (or non-repayable credits as the Poles …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
EARN THE RUSSIANS A GREAT DEAL O P HAííDf j I CURRENCY (AND THIS AT PRESENT "'WAS ONE O F THx I ft POINTS …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
primarily with France: Congo is within the French currency zone, and France supplies half her imports. M …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
food and feedstuffs were exported it was to hard currency markets. The CMEA 5. There appear to be no … want to settle in the GDR, and if so in what currency. Comment 8 . It seems to us that this was an … Soviet Union and the consequent need for hard currency for grain imports it is not surprising that the … Soviet soft currency supplies at concessionary CMEA prices; but in the GDR's current hard currency position … another poor harvest and the need to maximise hard currency earnings have presumably led the Soviet Union …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
are also designed to produce additional hard currency for the Soviet Government from the additional … from as many embassies as possible shop at hard currency stores where duty free ]rices do not apply. ft …
The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English
as a source of valuable Western ^fc trade and currency. But it also experiences it, particularly in … well as a source of valuable Western trade and currency. But it also experiences it, particularly in …
