Currency

A currency in the most specific sense is money in any form when in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money (monetary units) in common use, especially for people in a nation. Under this definition, U.S. dollars (US$), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and pounds sterling (£) are examples of currencies. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this …

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The National Archives · 1 January 1982 German

A file containing records of meetings between the visits commissioners of the Berlin Senate and the East German government. Subjects covered in these meetings included the construction and operation of …

importing prohibited printed material 5 importing GDR currency R E S T R I C T E D RESTRICTED l Preliminary c o m p l e x . There was a bus stop near the currency exchange o f f i c e . This bus stop was also a w s had been b r o k e n , the customs and currency regulations had been broken 326 times, and money


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

A file of correspondence and reports concerning a country assessment paper for East Germany. The documents include drafts of the final report on the demography and geography of East Germany; …

the GDR has been attempting to reduce its hard currency indebtedness by boosting exports to the West while GNP Ratio 9.8 n/a (d) Estimated convertible currency debt to the West 8.6 10.9 US$ billion (ii) GNP Ratio 9.8 n/a (d) Estimated convertible currency debt to the West 8.6 10.9 USS billion (ii)


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

Finance (a) Exchange Rate 1978 1979 1980 1981 Currency £1 Sterling = 1.91 2.02 1.99 1.91 Bulgarian Finance (a) Exchange Rate 1976 1977 1978 1979 Currency £1 Sterling = 1.69 1.82 1.91 2.02 Bulgarian (ii) Economic : To earn as much convertible currency as possible and to seek favourable treatment and this policy has forced her to resist hard currency imports. Prospects for manufactured imports are m i c : To earn as much c o n v e r t i b l e currency as p o s s i b l e and to seek f a v o u r a


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

$300m; and Hungary's attempts to address its economic issues by raising prices and devaluing its currency. Other documents in the file cover British policy towards Hungary, and the British wish to support

international banking m a r k e t to finance its hard currency t r a d e . Following the Polish debt c r i aim of achieving equilibrium in the convertible currency current account this year and lead to a large equilibrium by means of a big increase in the hard currency trade surplus. This was to be achieved by increasing subscription): and the radical increase in hard currency exports always seemed unlikely to be achieveable


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

year and ail increase of l.Smt in sales to hard currency markets. Polish-Czech Cooperation in Mining


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

to the Russians: in 1981 72% of Soviet hard currency earnings came from energy exports. Afghan natural


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

A file of correspondence and reports concerning the Soviet attitude towards the Falklands War. The documents cover discussions with Soviet officials on the crisis, outlining the British and Soviet positions; …

COUNTRY'S FOREIGN 1 RESTRICTED /CURRENCY RESTRICTED 1858 - 2 CURRENCY RESERVES) HELD IN UK BANKS AND


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

Afghanistan, and mounting evidence of a hard currency credit squeeze within the Soviet Bloc, which ¿>£>ii. iiX- ^ BACKGROUND 1981 1. Convertible currency trade and payments data are available for only firm forecasts. 2. The USSR's total convertible currency financing requirement in 1981 was probably in rising interest payments.) • (iii) convertible currency jo assistance to Poland $0.4bn (reported by


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

700 million marks credit in free convertible currency. 14. Lord Trefgarne referred to the West's anxiety European governments would not allow external hard currency debt to rise to levels they could not service


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

prospect of repay .ng their debts by earning hard currency. We should merely consolidate the monolithic


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