Political Parties

Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy (German: Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie; Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens) is a book by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy. It is considered one of the classics of social sciences, in particular sociology and political science.It was translated to Italian as Sociologia del partito politico nella democrazia moderna: studi sulle tendenze oligarchiche degli aggregati politici by Alfredo Polledro in 1912, and then translated from the Italian to English by …

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24 May 2022 English

A list of ministers and other officials which constituted the government of the U.K. during the Second World War. Heads of the Cabinet; Treasury and Exchequer; Ministers for Domestic Affairs; …

Affairs Other Cabinet Offices Abbreviated political parties Heads of the Cabinet Office Holder Date Appointed 8 June 1942 21 November 1944 Abbreviated political parties The following party political affiliations


4 May 2022

State security agencies, International Organizations, Political Organizations, Non-governing Political Parties and Organizations, Youth Organizations, and other Key Terms

narodnykh kommissarov Soviet Union Non-governing Political Parties and Organisations CDU Christian Democratic


1 January 2017 English

1968 was a momentous year. In the West, it is primarily remembered as a moment of global youth revolt.1 Events in Eastern Europe took place within the context of this …

possibility of allowing truly opposition political parties to contest elections.3 The incredible outspokenness


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

word. Unions do not have the character of political parties struggling for power, and should not submit submit to decisions of political parties, nor have overly close links with them. For in such a situation



The National Archives · 1 January 1982 French

A file of correspondence and reports concerning inner-German relations. The documents cover statements on foreign policy issued by the governments of East Germany and West Germany; a speech by the …

RESTRICTED I 4. Spokesmen from other political parties have also delivered generally positive verdicts


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

PDHER AND THEV SHOULD NOT BE CONTROLLED 6V POLITICAL PARTIES. OR ! ! . " , i i r r . ; r - t r n


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 French

A file containing documents concerning the internal political situation in West Berlin. Subjects covered in the file include the activities of neo-Nazis and the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany …



The National Archives · 1 January 1982 French

A file containing documents concerning the extension to West Berlin of international agreements by West Germany. Subjects covered in the file include a series of protests against such arrangements by …

those within 'the Auswartiges Ant and the political parties who have argued for a firm line on the Berlin


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