Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands—called coal forests—that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. However, many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and …

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4 September 2024 English

Germany’s post-war economic crisis culminated in hyperinflation in 1923. The dramatic events that year contribute to shaping the retrospective chronology of the Weimar Republic: the crisis appears to conclude the …

Then Germany defaulted on its payments of wood and coal replacing the non-existing gold currency and, in


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

CONFIDENTIAL ^^^ Bulgaria has indigenous lignite and coal but I is generally poorly endowed with domestic i n g . 3. Bulgaria has indigenous lignite and coal b u t is generally I poorly endowed with domestic


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

(paid for by industrial workers) electricity and coal supplied twice as cheap as to -State farms) . 000 : roubles worth of tableware (128.8/0). Coal Exports 3- A recent issue of the Katowice Party forms of cooperation in the field of hard and brown coal mining was signed in Warsaw on 24 August at the equipment and defined future volumes of Polish hard coal exports to Czechoslovakia. Unfortunately', no further be overhauled this year. The rower stations have coal stocks twice as large as last year,~suTficierit


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

A file containing documents concerning the Soviet population. Subjects covered in the file include the declining rate of population growth; the unwillingness of people to migrate to areas of labour …

explosions had tripled during the last decade in the coal industry, pirtly because of inadequate preparations


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

Minister of liines in September 1981 for expanding coal production. A World Bank report puts Afghan reserves iron ore, copper, beryl, lead and zinc. Gas and coal are exploited in I Put M 0 1 1 h S S a l s v i e t e c o n o m y ( d e v e l o p m e n t of coal a n d the n a t u r a l gas i n d u s t r y ) . a p r o t o c o l for c o o p e r a t i o n in coal e x p l o i t a t i o n d u r i n g a v i s i t been over-fulfilled for the extraction of gas and coal and in the processing of carbamide and reinforced


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

A file of documents concerning the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (K.S.?.) and the Czechoslovak government. Subjects discussed in the file include a conference of K.S.?. party secretaries; the sixth meeting …

Právo" writes in a report about problems caused by coal dust\leaking from railway waggons in aorth Bohemia


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

for the Bloc in general is primarily dependent on coal - hence the NCB 1 s ability to step up exports particularly now that the Poles seem to be raining more coal than they can sell in the West; this is perhaps given the unstable nature of Soviet coal and the general state of coal and transport industries in the Bloc



The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

rich soil, and reserves of oil, gas and low grade coal, though it is not so well off for metallic raw CUMULATIVE EX POINTS % Coke and semi-coke of coal 323-21 9 168 1 Q 3 Wheat and meslin (unmilled)


The National Archives · 1 January 1982 English

A file of correspondence and reports concerning political relations between Albania and the United Kingdom. The documents cover discussions on the possible resumption of relations between the British and Albanian …

dollars) Industrial supplies Raw materials 302 Coal 90 Petrol, oil and lubricants 217 Trucks 1


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